The Thymus, a small organ that lies in the upper chest under the breastbone, is part of the lymph system. It makes white blood cells, called lymphocytes, which protect the body against infections.

Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma are diseases in which cancer cells form on the outside surface of the thymus.

There are different types of tumors of the thymus. Thymomas and thymic carcinomas are rare tumors of the cells that are on the outside surface of the thymus. The tumor cells in a thymoma look similar to the normal cells of the thymus, grow slowly, and rarely spread beyond the thymus. On the other hand, the tumor cells in a thymic carcinoma look very different from the normal cells of the thymus, grow more quickly, and have usually spread to other parts of the body when the cancer is found. Thymic Carcinoma is more difficult to treat than thymoma.

People suffering from myasthenia gravis are at a greater risk of developing thymoma.

Procedure

Treatment of noninvasive thymoma and thymic carcinoma may include the following:

• Surgery to remove the tumor.
• Radiation therapy.
• Treatment of invasive thymoma and thymic carcinoma that may be completely removed by surgery includes the following:
• Surgery followed by radiation therapy.

Treatment of invasive thymoma and thymic carcinoma that cannot be removed completely by surgery includes the following:

• Surgery to remove part of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy.
• Chemotherapy using one or more anticancer drugs.
• A clinical trial of chemotherapy before surgery, with or without radiation therapy.
• A clinical trial of combination chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy.

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