Mitral Valve Repair

The mitral valve is one of the heart’s four main valves, located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. This valve is responsible for ensuring that blood flows in the correct direction—from the left atrium into the left ventricle—and prevents blood from flowing backward. When the mitral valve does not function properly, it can lead to a condition known as mitral valve regurgitation or mitral insufficiency, where blood leaks backward into the atrium. This condition can cause symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and in severe cases, heart failure. Mitral valve repair is a surgical procedure aimed at fixing a malfunctioning mitral valve, rather than replacing it. When possible, repairing the valve is preferred over replacement because it tends to offer better long-term results, preserving the heart's natural function and minimizing complications. Mitral valve repair can restore normal blood flow, alleviate symptoms, and improve the overall function of the heart.

Mitral valve disease can result from several conditions that affect the structure and function of the valve. These include congenital issues, wear and tear on the valve, and damage caused by other heart conditions.

Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP): A condition where the leaflets of the mitral valve bulge upward (prolapse) into the left atrium during each heartbeat. This can lead to regurgitation, as the valve does not close properly.

Rheumatic Heart Disease: A complication of rheumatic fever, which can damage the mitral valve, leading to stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation. Rheumatic fever is caused by a streptococcal throat infection.

Endocarditis: An infection of the heart lining that can damage the mitral valve and lead to regurgitation.

Heart Attack: Damage to the heart muscle from a heart attack can alter the shape or function of the mitral valve, causing it to malfunction.

Degenerative Valve Disease: As people age, the mitral valve can become thickened, calcified, or weakened, leading to improper closure and regurgitation.

Congenital Defects: Some individuals are born with structural abnormalities in the mitral valve that lead to improper function.